MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Cyclic AMP (MMDBc0000329)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-12-10 18:28:50 UTC

Update Date

2024-10-10 00:05:43 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000329

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Cyclic AMP

Description

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) or cyclic adenosine monophosphate is an adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. cAMP is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. In humans and other mammals it is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon and ACTH. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase is located at the inner side of cell membranes. Adenylate cyclase is activated by the hormones glucagon and adrenaline and by G protein. Liver adenylate cyclase responds more strongly to glucagon, and muscle adenylate cyclase responds more strongly to adrenaline. cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. cAMP is primarily used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot pass through the plasma membrane. cAMP is also involved in the activation of protein kinases. In addition, cAMP binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are integral membrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels in the plasma membranes of heart and brain cells. HCN channels are sometimes referred to as pacemaker channels because they help to generate rhythmic activity within groups of heart and brain cells.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Molecular Formula

C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P

Average Mass

329.2059

Monoisotopic Mass

329.052519653

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

Not Available

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

Not Available

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C10H12N5O6P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-6(16)7-4(20-10)1-19-22(17,18)21-7/h2-4,6-7,10,16H,1H2,(H,17,18)(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1

InChI Key

IVOMOUWHDPKRLL-KQYNXXCUSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Golgi apparatus

Biospecimen Locations

All Tissues
Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Placenta
Urine

Tissue Locations

All Tissues
Placenta

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191687	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Unknown	Q09472	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191690	CREB-binding protein	Unknown	Q92793	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191790	Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1	Unknown	P22413	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192180	Hormone-sensitive lipase	Unknown	Q05469	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192207	Retinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma	Enzyme	Q13956	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192215	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A	Unknown	P54750	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192219	High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A	Unknown	O60658	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192220	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B	Enzyme	Q01064	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192222	cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B	Enzyme	Q13370	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192233	High affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A	Unknown	Q13946	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192242	cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A	Unknown	Q14432	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192246	cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A	Unknown	Q9Y233	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192247	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C	Unknown	Q14123	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192251	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B	Unknown	Q07343	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192254	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7B	Unknown	Q9NP56	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192258	High affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A	Unknown	O76083	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192259	cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Unknown	O00408	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192272	High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B	Unknown	O95263	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192273	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C	Unknown	Q08493	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192278	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D	Unknown	Q08499	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192279	Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma	Enzyme	P18545	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192282	Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta	Enzyme	O43924	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192291	cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A	Unknown	P27815	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192296	cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Unknown	O76074	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192343	Adenylate cyclase type 7	Unknown	P51828	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192344	Adenylate cyclase type 4	Unknown	Q8NFM4	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192345	Adenylate cyclase type 6	Unknown	O43306	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192346	Adenylate cyclase type 5	Unknown	O95622	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192347	Adenylate cyclase type 8	Unknown	P40145	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192348	Adenylate cyclase type 9	Unknown	O60503	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192349	Adenylate cyclase type 3	Unknown	O60266	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192350	Adenylate cyclase type 1	Unknown	Q08828	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192539	Adenylate cyclase type 2	Unknown	Q08462	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192653	Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase	Unknown	P05093	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192724	Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3	Unknown	Q16281	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192726	Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-3	Unknown	Q9NQW8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192727	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Unknown	Q9Y4G8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192730	Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1	Unknown	O60741	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192805	cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Unknown	P22612	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192933	cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Unknown	P17612	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192970	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRKY	Unknown	O43930	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192983	cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta	Unknown	P22694	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193052	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5	Unknown	O75582	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193059	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRKX	Unknown	P51817	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193086	Serine/threonine-protein kinase 11	Unknown	Q15831	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193162	ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1	Unknown	O95477	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193266	Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1	Unknown	O14745	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193303	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Unknown	P35869	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193305	Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5	Unknown	Q02930	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193332	Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 40	Unknown	O14503	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193347	Splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich	Unknown	P23246	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193355	Ras-related protein Rap-1A	Unknown	P62834	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193417	Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1	Unknown	P06881	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193428	Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1	Unknown	P16220	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193429	Thyrotropin receptor	Unknown	P16473	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193443	Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor	Unknown	P39905	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193455	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Unknown	Q12809	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193467	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6	Unknown	Q9H252	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193471	Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2	Unknown	Q9UBB5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193526	Relaxin receptor 1	Unknown	Q9HBX9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193535	cAMP-responsive element modulator	Unknown	Q03060	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193561	Adiponectin	Unknown	Q15848	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193581	cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit	Unknown	P10644	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193608	Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2	Unknown	Q9UL51	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193611	Cortistatin	Unknown	O00230	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193631	Perilipin-1	Unknown	O60240	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193663	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Unknown	Q13258	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193664	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Unknown	O95398	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193666	Platelet basic protein	Unknown	P02775	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193692	Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein	Unknown	P50552	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193700	Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1	Unknown	Q14643	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193738	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Unknown	Q8WZA2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193741	Steroidogenic factor 1	Unknown	Q13285	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193875	Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3	Transporter	Q9Y6M7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193945	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Transporter	O15439	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193946	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5	Transporter	O15440	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193961	Adenylate cyclase type 10	Unknown	Q96PN6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193969	Dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A	Unknown	Q9HCR9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193977	1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3	Unknown	Q8N3E9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194110	Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6	Unknown	P43657	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194208	A-kinase anchor protein 7 isoforms alpha and beta	Unknown	O43687	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194209	A-kinase anchor protein 13	Unknown	Q12802	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194388	Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4	Unknown	Q8IV77	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194404	CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1	Unknown	Q6UUV9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194405	CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2	Unknown	Q53ET0	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194485	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3	Unknown	A8MTJ3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194724	Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A	Unknown	Q13522	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194757	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Transporter	Q4U2R8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194854	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2	Unknown	Q9Y5S1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194875	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 11	Transporter	Q96J66	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194876	ADM2	Unknown	Q7Z4H4	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194877	A-kinase anchor protein 7 isoform gamma	Unknown	Q9P0M2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194878	A-kinase anchor protein 2	Unknown	Q9Y2D5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194879	A-kinase anchor protein 5	Unknown	P24588	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194880	A-kinase anchor protein 8	Unknown	O43823	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194881	Agouti-signaling protein	Unknown	P42127	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194882	Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1	Unknown	P18846	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194883	Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2	Unknown	P15336	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194884	Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3	Unknown	P18847	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194885	Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4	Unknown	P18848	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194886	Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-5	Unknown	Q9Y2D1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194887	Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-7	Unknown	P17544	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194888	Basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like	Unknown	Q16520	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194889	Cyclic nucleotide-gated olfactory channel	Unknown	Q16280	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194890	Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1	Unknown	Q96BA8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194891	Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2	Unknown	Q70SY1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194892	Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3	Unknown	Q68CJ9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194893	Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3	Unknown	O43889	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194894	Luc7-like protein 3	Unknown	O95232	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194895	CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3	Unknown	Q6UUV7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194896	Dematin	Unknown	Q08495	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194897	Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2	Unknown	P16452	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194898	FERM, RhoGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1	Unknown	Q9Y4F1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194899	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Unknown	Q8TDU6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194900	Glycoprotein hormone alpha-2	Unknown	Q96T91	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194901	Glycoprotein hormone beta-5	Unknown	Q86YW7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194902	Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4	Unknown	Q9Y3Q4	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194903	Histamine H4 receptor	Unknown	Q9H3N8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194904	cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha	Unknown	P61925	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194905	cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor beta	Unknown	Q9C010	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194906	cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor gamma	Unknown	Q9Y2B9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194907	Jun dimerization protein 2	Unknown	Q8WYK2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194908	cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit	Unknown	P31321	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194909	cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit	Unknown	P13861	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194910	cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit	Unknown	P31323	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194911	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10	Unknown	Q16322	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194912	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3	Unknown	Q9Y6H6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194913	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1	Unknown	O95259	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194914	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 3	Unknown	Q9ULD8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194915	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 4	Unknown	Q9UQ05	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194916	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 5	Unknown	Q8NCM2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194917	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7	Unknown	Q9NS40	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194918	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 8	Unknown	Q96L42	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194919	Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 1	Unknown	Q9Y250	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194920	Homeobox protein Meis1	Unknown	O00470	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194921	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member D	Unknown	Q8TDS7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194922	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Unknown	Q96LB1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194923	Myomegalin	Unknown	Q5VU43	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194924	Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF2	Unknown	Q15599	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194925	Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein	Unknown	Q15233	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194926	Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1	Unknown	P40424	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194927	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Unknown	P43116	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194928	Phosducin	Unknown	P20941	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194929	Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 2B	Unknown	Q99453	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194930	Phospholemman	Unknown	O00168	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194931	Protein prune homolog	Unknown	Q86TP1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194932	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7	Unknown	P35236	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194933	Ras-related protein Rap-1b	Unknown	P61224	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194934	Ras-related protein Rap-2a	Unknown	P10114	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194935	FMRFamide-related peptides	Unknown	Q9HCQ7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194936	Rhophilin-2	Unknown	Q8IUC4	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194937	Synembryn-B	Unknown	Q9NVN3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194938	Relaxin-3 receptor 1	Unknown	Q9NSD7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194939	Relaxin-3 receptor 2	Unknown	Q8TDU9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194940	Ras-related protein Rap-1b-like protein	Unknown	A6NIZ1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194941	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6	Unknown	Q8TEU7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194942	40S ribosomal protein S27	Unknown	P42677	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194943	Relaxin receptor 2	Unknown	Q8WXD0	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194944	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Transporter	Q6ZQN7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194945	A-kinase anchor protein SPHKAP	Unknown	Q2M3C7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194946	Ras GTPase-activating protein SynGAP	Unknown	Q96PV0	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194947	Transmembrane protein 132A	Unknown	Q24JP5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195811	Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3	Unknown	Q9P1Z3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195820	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Transporter	Q9Y694	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196367	Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1	Unknown	Q14028	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank
Lysophosphatidic Acid LPA1 Signalling
Lysophosphatidic Acid LPA2 Signalling
Lysophosphatidic Acid LPA3 Signalling
Lysophosphatidic Acid LPA4 Signalling
Lysophosphatidic Acid LPA5 Signalling

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0000223	Adenosine triphosphate	Cyclic AMP	Not Available		VMH; KEGG	10481931 11299302 11423534 11840511 12503609 12609998 12623444 1427768 14996950 15547246 7860067 7959689 8076676

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Headache		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	15196297
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	Decreased	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	12973949
Idiopathic polyneuritis	Decreased	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	6326460
Meningitis	Slight Increase	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	6326460

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	48	Human stool; Human ; Human feces; Human gastric fluid; Human urine; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	242	Human feces; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human sputum; Human ; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human urine; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Pig ; Cattle	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	161	Human feces; Human sputum; Human ; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human stool; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Chicken ; Human subgingival plaque	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	104	Human feces; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Cattle	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Verrucomicrobia	1	Human ; Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Spirochaetes	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Fusobacteria	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	5		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Candidatus melainabacteria	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Planctomycetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Cyanobacteria	2
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	6	Human feces; Human saliva	Unknown
Eukaryota/Fungi	Basidiomycota	1
Archaea/Archaea	Euryarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Activity	Data Source	Reference
Drugs	Antimicrobial	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.24	0.028			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Chronic renal failure	HMDB	9141788
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.0077	0.0003			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Sildenafil-induced headache	HMDB	15196297
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.00860		0.00620	0.0110	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	HMDB	12973949
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.014		0.012	0.017	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	HMDB	12973949
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.011		0.0082	0.014	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Idiopathic polyneuritis	HMDB	6326460
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0110	0.0028			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Idiopathic polyneuritis	HMDB	6326460
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.033	0.012			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Meningitis	HMDB	6326460
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.034		0.021	0.046	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Meningitis	HMDB	6326460
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.0085	0.0005			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15196297
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.020		0.016	0.024	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6326460
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.020	0.004			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6326460
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.020	0.004			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	6326460
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.024		0.022	0.026	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12973949
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.22	0.055			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	179127
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.38	0.14			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8186443
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.021	0.008			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human All tissues	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529

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General References

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Showing metabocard for Cyclic AMP (MMDBc0000329)

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