MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Palmitoyl sphingomyelin (MMDBc0000686)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-12-10 18:52:43 UTC

Update Date

2025-01-15 22:08:36 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000686

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Palmitoyl sphingomyelin

Description

Sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0) or SM(d18:1/16:0) is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath which surrounds some nerve cell axons. It usually consists of phosphorylcholine and ceramide. SM(d18:1/16:0) consists of a sphingosine backbone and a palmitic acid chain. In humans, sphingomyelin is the only membrane phospholipid not derived from glycerol. Like all sphingolipids, SM has a ceramide core (sphingosine bonded to a fatty acid via an amide linkage). In addition, it contains one polar head group, which is either phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine. The plasma membrane of cells is highly enriched in sphingomyelin and is considered largely to be found in the exoplasmic leaflet of the cell membrane. However, there is some evidence that there may also be a sphingomyelin pool in the inner leaflet of the membrane. Moreover, neutral sphingomyelinase-2, an enzyme that breaks down sphingomyelin into ceramide, has been found to localize exclusively to the inner leaflet further suggesting that there may be sphingomyelin present there. Sphingomyelin can accumulate in a rare hereditary disease called Niemann-Pick Disease, types A and B. Niemann-Pick disease is a genetically-inherited disease caused by a deficiency in the enzyme sphingomyelinase, which causes the accumulation of sphingomyelin in spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and the brain, causing irreversible neurological damage. SMs play a role in signal transduction. Sphingomyelins are synthesized by the transfer of phosphorylcholine from phosphatidylcholine to a ceramide in a reaction catalyzed by sphingomyelin synthase.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Molecular Formula

C₃₉H₇₉N₂O₆P

Average Mass

703.0281

Monoisotopic Mass

702.5675748

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

Not Available

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

Not Available

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C39H79N2O6P/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-38(42)37(36-47-48(44,45)46-35-34-41(3,4)5)40-39(43)33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2/h30,32,37-38,42H,6-29,31,33-36H2,1-5H3,(H-,40,43,44,45)/b32-30+/t37-,38+/m0/s1

InChI Key

RWKUXQNLWDTSLO-GWQJGLRPSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

All Tissues
Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Placenta
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

All Tissues
Placenta

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0192100	Globoside alpha-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1	Unknown	Q8N5D6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192203	N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase	Enzyme	Q9Y2B2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192391	Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 2	Enzyme	Q8NHU3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192395	Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1	Enzyme	Q86VZ5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192396	Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase	Enzyme	P17405	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192553	Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 1	Unknown	Q9P2W7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192558	Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Q	Enzyme	Q9BRB3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192559	Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A	Enzyme	P37287	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192560	Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit H	Enzyme	Q14442	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192561	Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P	Enzyme	P57054	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192562	Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C	Enzyme	Q92535	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192695	Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7	Unknown	Q6UWV6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192696	Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2	Unknown	O60906	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193194	Proactivator polypeptide	Enzyme	P07602	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193223	Ganglioside GM2 activator	Enzyme	P17900	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193531	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associated	Enzyme	P15812	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193636	Epididymal secretory protein E1	Enzyme	P61916	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193673	Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d	Enzyme	P15813	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193742	GPI mannosyltransferase 1	Enzyme	Q9H3S5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193755	Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class W protein	Enzyme	Q7Z7B1	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193805	Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class X protein	Enzyme	Q8TBF5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193806	GPI mannosyltransferase 4	Enzyme	Q86VD9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193977	1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3	Unknown	Q8N3E9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194033	Lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase	Enzyme	Q9BYG0	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194037	Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3	Unknown	Q9NY59	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194044	Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5	Enzyme	Q9Y2C3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194119	GPI mannosyltransferase 3	Enzyme	Q92521	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194120	Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein	Enzyme	Q07326	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194121	GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 2	Enzyme	Q5H8A4	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194122	GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1	Enzyme	O95427	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194123	GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3	Enzyme	Q8TEQ8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194124	GPI transamidase component PIG-S	Enzyme	Q96S52	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194125	GPI transamidase component PIG-T	Enzyme	Q969N2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194126	Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U protein	Enzyme	Q9H490	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194127	GPI mannosyltransferase 2	Enzyme	Q9NUD9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194128	Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Y	Enzyme	Q3MUY2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194133	Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 8	Unknown	Q96JA3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195538	Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4	Unknown	Q9NXE4	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195885	Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase	Enzyme	Q9HCG7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196499	Sphingomyelin synthase-related protein 1	Unknown	Q96LT4	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196528	GPI-anchor transamidase	Enzyme	Q92643	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196556	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein	Unknown	O43292	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196557	Protein PLEKHA9	Unknown	O95397	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196558	Glycolipid transfer protein domain-containing protein 2	Unknown	A6NH11	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196559	Putative uncharacterized protein PLEKHA8	Unknown	B5MDU3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196560	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a	Unknown	P06126	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196561	Glycolipid transfer protein domain-containing protein 1	Unknown	Q5TA50	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196562	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1c	Unknown	P29017	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196563	Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein	Unknown	P18428	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196564	Putative uncharacterized protein DKFZp434L0435	Unknown	Q9UFH6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196565	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1b	Unknown	P29016	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196566	Glycolipid transfer protein	Unknown	Q9NZD2	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Obesity	Decreased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	26910390
Eosinophilic esophagitis	Slight Decrease	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Obesity		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	Metabolomics reveals determinants of weight loss during lifestyle intervention in obese children
Obesity		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	Metabolomics reveals determinants of weight loss during lifestyle intervention in obese children

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	2	Human feces; Human stool; Human	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Firmicutes	3	Human stool; Human ; Human feces	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Activity	Data Source	Reference

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.94	0.42			umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Obese	HMDB	26910390
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.01		0.0016	0.07	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.336	0.109			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22546835
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	114.4	19.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	28278231
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	121		101	139	uM	Infant (0-1 year old)		Normal	HMDB	25754623
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	69.9		61	79.4	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)		Normal	HMDB	25754623
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.92	0.59			umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	26910390
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	81	0.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	20671299
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.0194	0.0383			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	79.1	20.6			uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Obesity	HMDB	Metabolomics reveals determinants of weight loss during lifestyle intervention in obese children
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	86.1	23.2			uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Obesity	HMDB	Metabolomics reveals determinants of weight loss during lifestyle intervention in obese children
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.0203	0.0374			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.282	0.145			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			60.00	190.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Molecular You (https://molecularyou.com)
Human All tissues	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030

External Links

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Divecha N, Irvine RF: Phospholipid signaling. Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):269-78. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90409-3. [PubMed:7834746 ]
Hannun YA: The sphingomyelin cycle and the second messenger function of ceramide. J Biol Chem. 1994 Feb 4;269(5):3125-8. [PubMed:8106344 ]
Ghosh S, Strum JC, Bell RM: Lipid biochemistry: functions of glycerolipids and sphingolipids in cellular signaling. FASEB J. 1997 Jan;11(1):45-50. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.11.1.9034165. [PubMed:9034165 ]
Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. doi: 10.1038/35036052. [PubMed:11413487 ]
Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R600022-JLR200. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R700005-JLR200. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
de Jong A, Cheng TY, Huang S, Gras S, Birkinshaw RW, Kasmar AG, Van Rhijn I, Pena-Cruz V, Ruan DT, Altman JD, Rossjohn J, Moody DB: CD1a-autoreactive T cells recognize natural skin oils that function as headless antigens. Nat Immunol. 2014 Feb;15(2):177-85. doi: 10.1038/ni.2790. Epub 2013 Dec 22. [PubMed:24362891 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
Cevc, Gregor (1993). Phospholipids Handbook. Marcel Dekker.
Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.

Showing metabocard for Palmitoyl sphingomyelin (MMDBc0000686)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53a15f3a10>