| Description | Streptococcus equi is a gram-positive, catalase-negative microbe that thrives in a mesophilic temperature range, preferring temperatures between 25-40°C. Its metabolism is classified as facultative anaerobic heterotrophy, meaning it can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen, but requires a chemical energy source. This microbe is able to generate energy through fermentation, a process that involves the conversion of glucose into lactic acid.As a gram-positive bacterium, S. equi has a thick peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall, giving it a characteristic blue color when stained with a gram stain. Its shape is typical of streptococci, being spherical and occurring in chains or pairs. This microbe is naturally found in the respiratory tract of horses and can also be isolated from the skin, nasopharynx, and genital tract. In addition, S. equi can be found in soil and water environments. S. equi is an obligate aerobe, meaning it requires oxygen to grow and thrive. However, it can tolerate the absence of oxygen, making it a facultative anaerobe. This adaptability allows the microbe to survive in a wide range of environments. Streptococcus equi is a significant pathogen in the equine world, causing a highly infectious and often fatal disease known as strangles. The bacteria produce a distinctive exotoxin that can cause severe inflammation and necrosis in the lymph nodes of the horse's head and neck. Despite being a significant threat to horse health, S. equi has been relatively well-studied, with multiple vaccines and treatment options available. |
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