| Description | Methanocaldococcus infernus is a gram-negative, rod-shaped microbe that thrives in the extremely hot and deep environments of hydrothermal vents, characterized as thermophilic. This microbe is a chemoautotroph, meaning it derives its energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, typically hydrogen gas, and uses carbon dioxide as its primary carbon source. In other words, it produces its own food through chemical reactions, rather than relying on organic matter. The energy produced is in the form of ATP, generated through a process called substrate-level phosphorylation. M. infernus is found in the entire range of body sites, from sea floor sediments to the deep-sea trenches, and is a ubiquitous presence in the microbe-rich ecosystems of the ocean floor. Due to its ability to survive in environments with extremely high temperatures, high salinity, and high pressures, M. infernus is well adapted to the harsh conditions found in these environments. M. infernus is an obligate anaerobe, meaning it cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. This is likely due to the fact that oxygen is toxic to the microbe, and it has evolved mechanisms to avoid its presence. In addition, M. infernus is a microaerophile, requiring low concentrations of oxygen to survive. Furthermore, M. infernus is unique in its ability to thrive in environments with extremely high temperatures, often above 80°C, where many other microorganisms would perish. Its ability to maintain membrane stability and function at these temperatures is a testament to its remarkable adaptations. As a result, M. infernus plays a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter and the cycling of nutrients in these extreme environments. |
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