| Description | Neisseria cinerea is a gram-negative, diplococcal bacterium that thrives in a mesophilic temperature range, is classified as a chemoheterotroph, and is a facultative anaerobe. This organism typically colonizes the mucosal surfaces of humans, particularly in the nasopharynx and oropharynx, but can also be found in other body sites such as the urogenital tract and, less commonly, the respiratory tract. As a gram-negative bacterium, Neisseria cinerea possesses a thin peptidoglycan layer sandwiched between two membranes, which makes it susceptible to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. Its diplococcal shape, characterized by pairs of spherical cells, can be observed under a microscope, often leading to a distinctive appearance in Gram staining protocols. The mesophilic temperature preference indicates that it flourishes best at moderate temperatures, typically between 20°C and 45°C, aligning with the human body temperature, which facilitates its colonization in humans. Being a chemoheterotroph, Neisseria cinerea derives its energy from organic compounds, which is essential for its survival in nutrient-rich environments such as human tissues. The facultative anaerobic nature allows this microbe to adapt to varying oxygen levels, enabling it to thrive both in the presence and absence of oxygen. This microbe plays a dual role in human health. While it is generally considered a commensal organism, its pathogenic potential should not be overlooked. Rare instances of opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, have been reported. N. cinerea has also been studied for its genetic and phenotypic diversity, providing insights into the evolution and adaptation of Neisseria species. Its ability to form biofilms enhances its persistence in mucosal surfaces, further complicating treatment outcomes in cases of infections. |
|---|
