| Description | Scardovia inopinata is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that thrives in a mesophilic temperature range, is classified as a heterotroph, and primarily inhabits the human oral cavity, particularly in dental plaque. This organism is well-known for its role in the oral microbiome, contributing to both health and disease. As a Gram-negative bacterium, Scardovia inopinata possesses a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane, making it more resistant to certain antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria. Its rod shape, or bacillus form, allows for a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating nutrient absorption in the oral environment. Characterized as a heterotroph, it derives its energy and carbon from organic matter, primarily utilizing sugars and amino acids found in the oral cavity. This metabolic pathway is significant for its growth and reproduction within the complex ecosystem of the mouth. Scardovia inopinata is considered an obligate anaerobe, meaning it thrives in environments devoid of oxygen, which is typical of the oxygen-limited niches found in dental plaque. Its presence is often associated with dental caries and other oral health issues, as it can metabolize carbohydrates to produce acids that demineralize tooth enamel. Notably, Scardovia inopinata was first described relatively recently in 2011, highlighting the ongoing exploration of the human microbiome and the role of understudied microbes in human health. Its identification has spurred further research into the relationship between oral bacteria and systemic health, emphasizing the importance of maintaining balance within the oral microbiota for preventing dental diseases. |
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