MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for beta-D-Galactose (MMDBc0029760)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2021-11-17 23:40:30 UTC

Update Date

2024-04-30 19:41:48 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0029760

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

beta-D-Galactose

Description

Galactose is an optical isomer of glucose. An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Galactose is less sweet than glucose and not very water-soluble. Galactose is a monosaccharide constituent, together with glucose, of the disaccharide lactose. Galactose is produced by hydrolysis of lactose by galactosidase. This enzyme is produced by the lac operon in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Galactan is a polymer of the sugar galactose. It is found in hemicellulose and can be converted to galactose by hydrolysis.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI


  Mrv1652309042000292D          

 17 17  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
    2.1434    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8579    0.8250    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    1.6500    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    1.6500    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    0.4125    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    0.4125    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -0.8250    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  1  1  1  0  0  0
  3  2  1  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  4  1  0  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  7  1  1  0  0  0  0
  3  8  1  1  0  0  0
  4  9  1  6  0  0  0
  5 10  1  6  0  0  0
  6 11  1  1  0  0  0
 12  2  1  0  0  0  0
 12  6  1  0  0  0  0
  2 13  1  6  0  0  0
  3 14  1  6  0  0  0
  4 15  1  6  0  0  0
  5 16  1  1  0  0  0
  6 17  1  6  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
MMDBc0029760

> <DATABASE_NAME>
MIME

> <SMILES>
[H][C@@]1(O)O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-FPRJBGLDSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H12O6

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
180.1559

> <EXACT_MASS>
180.063388116

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
6

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
24

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
16.332540437406198

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-2.57

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-2.932539218

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.64

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
12.687538461190869

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
11.298101552080594

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.9810792051782764

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
110.38000000000001

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
35.923399999999994

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
7.82e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
β D-galactose

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 04-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   04-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       4.001   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       2.667   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       0.000   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0       5.335   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       1.334   3.850   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0      -1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0      -1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0       1.334  -2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0       2.667   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   13  H   UNK     0       2.667   3.080   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   14  H   UNK     0       0.000   3.080   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   15  H   UNK     0       1.334   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   16  H   UNK     0      -1.334   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   17  H   UNK     0       0.000  -1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
CONECT    1    2    7                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3   12   13                                             
CONECT    3    2    4    8   14                                             
CONECT    4    3    5    9   15                                             
CONECT    5    4    6   10   16                                             
CONECT    6    5   11   12   17                                             
CONECT    7    1                                                            
CONECT    8    3                                                            
CONECT    9    4                                                            
CONECT   10    5                                                            
CONECT   11    6                                                            
CONECT   12    2    6                                                       
CONECT   13    2                                                            
CONECT   14    3                                                            
CONECT   15    4                                                            
CONECT   16    5                                                            
CONECT   17    6                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   17    0   34    0
END

Synonyms

Value	Source
beta-D-Gal	ChEBI
Gal-beta	ChEBI
b-D-Gal	Generator
β-D-Gal	Generator
b-D-Galactose	Generator
β-D-Galactose	Generator
Gal-b	Generator
Gal-β	Generator
b-Galactose	HMDB
beta D-Galactose	HMDB
beta-D-Galactopyranose	HMDB
beta-D-Galactoside	HMDB
beta-Galactose	HMDB
D-Galactose	HMDB
β-D-Galactopyranose	HMDB
beta-D-Galactose	HMDB
β-Galactose	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

Average Mass

180.1559

Monoisotopic Mass

180.063388116

IUPAC Name

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

Traditional Name

β D-galactose

CAS Registry Number

7296-64-2

SMILES

[H][C@@]1(O)O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1

InChI Key

WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-FPRJBGLDSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Hexoses

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Hexose monosaccharide
Oxane
Secondary alcohol
Hemiacetal
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

D-galactopyranose (CHEBI:27667 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	782 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.6	ALOGPS
logP	-2.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.64	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.3	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	110.38 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	35.92 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.33 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Lysosome

Biospecimen Locations

Bladder
Brain
Epidermis
Feces
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Neuron
Ovary
Placenta
Platelet
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testis

Tissue Locations

Bladder
Brain
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Neuron
Ovary
Placenta
Platelet
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testis

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191761	Aldose reductase	Unknown	P15121	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191985	Galactocerebrosidase	Enzyme	P54803	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192033	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Enzyme	P09848	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192361	Alpha-galactosidase A	Enzyme	P06280	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192463	Beta-galactosidase	Enzyme	P16278	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192742	N-acetylgalactosamine kinase	Enzyme	Q01415	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192956	Galactokinase	Enzyme	P51570	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196290	Beta-galactosidase	Enzyme	Q53H18	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196291	Beta-galactosidase	Enzyme	Q53G40	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196682	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Unknown	O60218

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0018324	beta-D-Galactose	D-Galactose	Aldose 1-epimerase	Epimerization	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0018325	Alpha-Lactose	D-Glucose	Beta-galactosidase	Hydrolysis	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019488	beta-D-Galactose	D-Galactose	Bifunctional protein GAL10		PathBank	31602464

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Proteobacteria	1	Human ; Human feces; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human stool	Unknown
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	1	Human feces; Human saliva	Unknown

Exposure Sources

Food Exposures

Other Exposures

Source Type	Data Source	Reference

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Bladder	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Brain	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Epidermis	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Intestine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Kidney	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Neuron	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Ovary	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Platelet	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Skeletal muscle	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Spleen	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Testis	Detected but not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0003449

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB021788

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

6933

PubChem Compound

439353

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

27667

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Nakagawa F, Schulte BA, Spicer SS: Lectin cytochemical evaluation of somatosensory neurons and their peripheral and central processes in rat and man. Cell Tissue Res. 1986;245(3):579-89. doi: 10.1007/BF00218559. [PubMed:3757018 ]
Chen YT, Mattison DR, Bercu BB, Schulman JD: Resistance of the male gonad to a high galactose diet. Pediatr Res. 1984 Apr;18(4):345-8. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198404000-00008. [PubMed:6718090 ]
Furuhashi M, Suzuki S, Tomoda Y, Suganuma N: Role of the Pro-Leu-Arg motif in glycosylation of human gonadotropin alpha-subunit. Endocrinology. 1995 May;136(5):2270-5. doi: 10.1210/endo.136.5.7536667. [PubMed:7536667 ]
Goluboff ET, Mertz JR, Tres LL, Kierszenbaum AL: Galactosyl receptor in human testis and sperm is antigenically related to the minor C-type (Ca(2+)-dependent) lectin variant of human and rat liver. Mol Reprod Dev. 1995 Apr;40(4):460-6. doi: 10.1002/mrd.1080400410. [PubMed:7598912 ]
Sweatman BC, Farrant RD, Holmes E, Ghauri FY, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC: 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy of human cerebrospinal fluid: effects of sample manipulation and assignment of resonances. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1993 Aug;11(8):651-64. doi: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80171-v. [PubMed:8257730 ]
Hanisch FG, Heimbuchel G, Baldus SE, Uhlenbruck G, Schmits R, Pfreundschuh M, Schwonzen M, Vierbuchen M, Bara J, Peter-Katalinic J: Monoclonal antibody FW6 defines an epitope on alpha 3/4-monofucosylated polylactosaminoglycans expressed by fetal and colon carcinoma-associated mucins. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 15;53(18):4367-75. [PubMed:8364932 ]
Kalichman MW, Powell HC, Mizisin AP: Reactive, degenerative, and proliferative Schwann cell responses in experimental galactose and human diabetic neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol. 1998 Jan;95(1):47-56. doi: 10.1007/s004010050764. [PubMed:9452821 ]
Puch S, Bhavanandan VP: Endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins of rabbit and human bladder. Urology. 1999 Apr;53(4):848-52. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00619-0. [PubMed:10197873 ]
Niebroj-Dobosz I, Janik P, Jamrozik Z, Kwiecinski H: Immunochemical quantification of glycoconjugates in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Eur J Neurol. 1999 May;6(3):335-40. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.1999.630335.x. [PubMed:10210915 ]
Ono H, Mawatari H, Mizoguchi N, Eguchi T, Sakura N, Hamakawa M: Transient galactosemia detected by neonatal mass screening. Pediatr Int. 1999 Jun;41(3):281-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-200x.1999.01070.x. [PubMed:10365579 ]
Seiler CA, Renner EL, Czerniak A, Didonna D, Buchler MW, Reichen J: Early acute cellular rejection: no effect on late hepatic allograft function in man. Transpl Int. 1999;12(3):195-201. doi: 10.1007/s001470050210. [PubMed:10429957 ]
Ning C, Reynolds R, Chen J, Yager C, Berry GT, McNamara PD, Leslie N, Segal S: Galactose metabolism by the mouse with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2000 Aug;48(2):211-7. doi: 10.1203/00006450-200008000-00015. [PubMed:10926297 ]
Mizoguchi N, Ono H, Eguchi T, Sakura N: Galactose metabolites in blood from neonates with and without hypergalactosaemia detected by mass screening. Eur J Pediatr. 2000 Nov;159(11):851-3. doi: 10.1007/pl00008352. [PubMed:11079200 ]
Rapoport EM, Nekrasov MV, Khaidukov SV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Zhigis LS, Kozlov LV, Batalova TN, Zubov VP, Bovin NV: Cellular localization of the galactose-binding lectin from human serum. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Nov;65(11):1316-20. [PubMed:11112850 ]
van den Nieuwenhof IM, Renardel de Lavalette C, Diaz N, van Die I, van den Berg TK: Differential galactosylation of neuronal and haematopoietic signal regulatory protein-alpha determines its cellular binding-specificity. J Cell Sci. 2001 Apr;114(Pt 7):1321-9. doi: 10.1242/jcs.114.7.1321. [PubMed:11256998 ]
Stanley A, Osler T: Senescence and the healing rates of venous ulcers. J Vasc Surg. 2001 Jun;33(6):1206-11. doi: 10.1067/mva.2001.115379. [PubMed:11389419 ]
Bhavanandan VP, Puch S, Guo X, Jiang W: Galectins and other endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins of animal bladder. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;491:95-108. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_7. [PubMed:14533792 ]
Schmidt LE, Ott P, Tygstrup N: Galactose elimination capacity as a prognostic marker in patients with severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: 10 years' experience. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 May;2(5):418-24. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(04)00128-4. [PubMed:15118981 ]
Wan H, Perez DR: Quail carry sialic acid receptors compatible with binding of avian and human influenza viruses. Virology. 2006 Mar 15;346(2):278-86. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.10.035. Epub 2005 Dec 2. [PubMed:16325879 ]
Muthusamy A, Erickson DR, Sheykhnazari M, Bhavanandan VP: Enhanced binding of modified pentosan polysulfate and heparin to bladder--a strategy for improved treatment of interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2006 Jan;67(1):209-13. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.07.048. [PubMed:16413377 ]

Showing metabocard for beta-D-Galactose (MMDBc0029760)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f91f47e6d90>